Apple: the Company’s Visions and Objectives Essay

Apple’s Vision was the Macintosh that was called â€Å"digital hub† that isa popular model of computer introduced in 1984, that features a graphical user interface ( GUI) that utilizes windows, icons, and a mouse to make it relatively easy for novices to use the computer productively. Rather than learning a complex set of commands, that wasonly need point to a selection on a menu and click a mouse button. Moreover, the GUI is embedded into the operating system. This means that all application that run on a Macintosh computer have a similar user interface. Once a user has become familiar with one application, he or she can learn new applications relatively easily. The success of the Macintosh GUI heralded a new age of graphics-based applications and operating systems. The Windows interface copies many features from the Mac. There are many different Macintosh models, with varying degrees of speed and power. All models are available in many different configurations. All models since 1994 are based on the PowerPC microprocessor. They believed had a real advantage for consumers who were becoming entrenched in a digital lifestyle. Also, digital cameras, portable music players, and digital camcorders. That they though could be the preferred hub to control integrate, and add value to the devices. Also to control of both hardware and software.Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings. Apple’s Mission Was to bring an easy-to use computer to market, which led release of the Apple II in 1978. Also, Apple is committed to protecting the environment, health and safety of their employees, customers and the global communities where they operate. They can offer technologically innovative products and services while conserving and enhancing recourses for future generations. Goals:The goal was to differentiate the Macintosh amid intense competition in the PC industry. And state of affairs, or a state of concrete activity, which an organization or system wishes to achieve or obtain. Objective Is the plan, to involve and implement actions which must be taken to close the gap between the current realities and the ideal state?Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS, PC CPU, MP3 , iPhone 4, 4s , iPad, and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced iPad which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices. Corporation Governance:Agency Theory: Was in 1981 when the IBM introduced the IBM PC to the market that used Microsoft’s DOS and a microprocessor (CPU), by that apple practice integration and refused to license its hardware to third parties. But IBM gained more market share and also emerged a new for the industry more than Apple. That was when apple introduced the Macintosh in 1984 that was easy to use with industrial design and elegance, but the processor was slow in speed and that lack of compatibility on sale, and Apple net income fell 62 % between the years 1981 and 1984, and sending the Apple Company into a crisis. That contributed with the job was forced out in the 1985 even his called himself as a soul of the company. After that the boardroom hired John Sculley, who was recognized for his marketing skills. He was in the company for 8 years from 1985 to 1993, who pushed the mac in the new market where the Apple was driven by its best software, such page Market, and peripheral with laser printers. Also in education Apple grabbed more than haft the market. With that Apple recovered and stabilized around 8% in share worldwide, and in 1990 Apple sale $1 billion dollars in cash and was cognized at the most profitable PC company in the world. Stewardship Theory: In the years of Sculley, the Apple Company offered to the customers a better offer by a completed desktop solution ever that was included hardware, software, and simply plug and play. Also the company designing unique chips, disk drive, and monitors. He demonstrated his interest on the company success. And interest in customer’s satisfaction, Apple was selling its products at a premium price.This time Macs had more than $10,000, and gross profit around anadvantageous 50%. Sarbanes –Oxley: That was applied in the years 2010 and 2011 when the patent wars started with competition in the smartphone industry, where everyone sued everyone. Where creative companies begindisappears or never gets start. Apple litigated against Android, HTC, and Samsung. Also Apple turnaround in 1997 when jobs reshape Apple and announced that they would invest $ 150 million in Apple and made five years develop core products, like MS Office for the mac. By satisfy about 99% of customers and again job refused to license the latest mac. Also, the company 15 product lines were divided in only four categories that were desktop, portable Macintoshes, for customers and professionals. Another improvement that job did was to hire Taiwanese contract to manufacture mac products. Therefore, in 1998 Apple had a website direct sale for the first time. Corporation Social Responsibility: News of Steve Jobs’ death sent shockwaves through the technology industry, a world that he, in large part, shaped with his career. Apple’s executives are now left with the challenge of how to lead a company, whose identity has been inextricably linked to Jobs’ for decades. The task is formidable, especially when Apple’s fanatically loyal customer base is considerably less certain about what to expect from CEO Tim Cook. That is partly because Apple’s culture of secrecy and Jobs’ visibility have combined to make Cook relatively unknown to the public at large. The uncertainty is compounded by the fact that earlier attempts to replace Jobs proved disastrous.Until now, Jobs seems to be the only one to have had that special chemistry required for running Apple.What makes leading Apple difficult to maintain is the fact that the company is not selling a product as much as it is a vision, the founder’s vision. Apple products were well built and beautiful to look at. According to recent media coverage, it would seem that Apple is interested in developing a new vision, one which includes Corporation Social Responsibility. Jobs never showed much interest in public ‘do-gooding.’ He always maintained that equipping the public with the best technology is worth more than cash grants to charities. But Cook announced that Apple would embrace a new corporate charity matching program, using a model much like those of other major companies a dollar for dollar match for employee donations of up to $10,000 a year. Cook clearly wants to send the message that Apple is evolving in the way it perceives Corporation Social Responsibility, a major differentiating factor between himself and his charismatic predecessor. However, the decision curiously followed media allegations regarding Apple’s lack of Corporation Social Responsibility activities, including a New York Times article mentioning matching as a solution employed by a considerable porti on of the Fortune 500 companies.Apple still needs to embrace the core values that make it a â€Å"cool† company in short, that owning an Apple product secure membership in a select group. While Apple is perhaps overdue for a Corporation Social Responsibility strategy, the decision to enact donation matching is decidedly not the â€Å"Apple Way. Cook is only responding to media pressure rather than bringing to Corporation Social Responsibility the same kind of innovative and inspiring vision for which Apple is so highly regarded. And in that regard, the corporate matching program is a fail.Developing a Corporation Social Responsibility strategy around neither a sense of obligation nor calculation but rather around certain well defined character virtues is highly effective. In particular, integrity, empathy and zeal, among others, are critical during times of Uncertaintythey need to be well coordinated and implemented from the inside,out not the other way around. Integrity: Any major organizational change is accompanied by insecurity. The transition from Jobs’ approach to hiring and firing is bound to create uncertainty among employees, and in corporate environments uncertainty inevitably creates pernicious maneuvering and second guessing at middle management levels. The new Corporation Social Responsibility initiatives should present both the company and its new CEO with a unique opportunity to promote an image of integrity and to differentiate the new leadership from that of the Jobs era. However, philanthropy is not a good place to start. It should start from inside, promoting trust and openness, the internal integrity. Empathy: Empathy creates emotional bonding between the company and stakeholders allowing companies to endure a difficult time. Apple is currently embroiled in lawsuits that are likely to restrict consumer choices in the future if it carries on. Publishers are frustrated by Apple’s hammerlock over apps and magazine subscriptions on the iPad. There have been indications that Samsung, Apple’s most threatening competitor, angered by patent law suits, will finally fight back to counter sue Apple. While from Apple’s point of view, taking legal action against competitors may seem necessary as a means of protecting innovation, public opinion works differently. For multinational companies the legal victory can often end with a kind of zero sum game, leaving it with a reputation for arrogance and insecurity. Apple will have to worry about its reputation all the more so if it wins the battles against competitors. Even more telling, the suicides at China’s manufacturing behemoth, Foxconn, have created the uncomfortable impression that â€Å"cool† products like the iPad are being produced by what amounts to economic slave labor. This is decidedly â€Å"uncool† and not the image that Apple wants to portray. Zeal: Zeal is perhaps the virtue most-embedded at Apple’s core and is represented by their continuous innovation and excitement in terms of products and customer experience. By emphasizing Corporation Social Responsibility, Tim Cook would need to bring that famous Apple zeal to social issues, offering an innovative approach, as competitor Google did, when it famously began encouraging its employees to spend 20% of their time on their own projects. It goes without saying that Cook and Apple are standing at a precipice. Product innovations can be short-lived. A serious Corporation Social Responsibility strategy could quietly shift Apple’s sales pitch from personal charisma to the great public good, doing Apple good in the long term. The leaders of innovative organizations that undergo the uncertainty that comes with change, would be wise to promote both integrity and empathy internally, thus ensuring that zeal continues to inspire consumers throughout their tenure and for years to come. External Factors In 1980, Apple became the PC industry leader selling more than 100,000 Apple IIs and launching a successful IPO. However, Apple’s competitive position changed fundamentally in 1981 when IBM entered the PC market. Apple’s ignorance to the industrial changes caused them to lose major PC market share by 62% sending the company into a crisis. Apple manages its business on geographic locations having offices in New York, Europe, Japan, and Asia. Apple’s sales are continuously growing. In the past decades the PC industry has evolved into the proprietary system and the open system. Let’s review Apple’s position in each phase. Proprietary Systems before 1981 Every PC producer had to develop their own hardware and software. It was proprietary, one that possesses, owns, or holds exclusive right to something. There were two mainstreams in the market, Apple style machine and IBM style machines. During this period, Apple was the leader selling more than 100,000 Apple IIs and launching a successful IPO. Its strong developing ability made the Apple brand a family commodity. Introduction of the â€Å"Open† System 1981-1997 IBM offered an â€Å"open† system in which other producers could clone causing competitors such as Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell to enter the market while Apple continued to practice limitability with a horizontal and vertical integration relying on its own proprietary designs. It was during this time that producers started separating hardware into CPUs (Central Processing Units), mother boards, disk drive, and other peripheral items. This change caused consumers to not only care about hardware performance, but also about software applications. IBM machines with Intel CPU and Windows Operating systems became the mainstream. IBM PCs not only gained more market share, but also emerged as the new standard for the industry. Apple continued to lose market share because corporate insisted on selling the products at a premium price and not upgrading its hardware and software to be compatible with IBM machines. Apple responded by introducing the Macintosh and entering new markets – desktop publishing and education- in 1984. It marked a breakthrough in ease of use, industrial design, and technical elegance. However the Mac’s slow processor speed and lack of compatible software limited sales. Apple’s desktop market was driven by its superior software and offered customers a complete desktop solution which allowed for simple â€Å"plug and play†. In education, they grabbed more than half the market, which is safe to say, helped Apple recover and stabilize bringing in revenue of $1 billion. Micro-Environment Micro-Environment is actors or elements in an organization’s immediate area of operations that affect its performance and decision making freedom. This environment can be explained using Porter’s five forces; –Rivalry among existing firms –Threat of substitute products –Bargaining power of buyers –Bargaining power of suppliers –Threat of new entrants As a computer producer company, Apple is faced with many strategic issues; Surviving competition, responding to technology innovation and continuous market needs. The technology industry can be considered to be monopolistic competition which is characterized by having a large number of competitors and gaining easy access into the industry due to low entry barriers. Supplier bargaining position is very strong due to a small number of existing processor suppliers, example Intel and AMD. Customer bargaining position is also strong due to low searching and switching costs. Both of these characteristics constrain companies in the industry. As a result, the market becomes saturated and fragmented which makes for only a small market share gained by every company. There are a lot of competitors offering similar products to Apple for example, Windows tablet, Samsung, Kindle, etc., with only little difference in features and design. Macro-Environment Macro Environment is defined as the major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization’s decision making and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic factors, demographics, political, social conditions technological changes and natural forces. Specific examples of macro environment influences include competitors, changes in interest rates, and changes in cultural tastes. Technological Forces The main force that influences the computer industry is rapid and sustained technical progress. Each year, integrated circuits and other technological components become better, faster, and cheaper providing opportunities to improve on existing computers as well as designing a new one. Apple is strongly affected by technology innovation forces surrounding it. Rapid innovation on hardware by component producers, for example Intel & AMD and software by competitors (Microsoft) gives Apple no choice but to grasp and possibly enhance the new hardware technology and also continue innovating to sustain differentiation. Microsoft which dominates the operating system producer for Intel based computers is a main competitor for Apple. Microsoft releases new versions of Windows every two (2) years creating pressure for Apple to upgrade MacOS as well. Political forces With China joining the WTO creates opportunity as well as threats to Apple. Lower investment barrier and market barrier gives opportunities for Apple to take advantage of low cost labor as well as getting potential market. However, on the other hand, similar opportunities exist to competitors. When competitors move its plant into China and become more efficient, Apple has to respond or they will experience cost inefficiency disadvantage over competitors. Social Forces Different and dynamic change of needs and lifestyle requires Apple to continuously innovate to adapt. Consumer’s tastes, lifestyles, and needs are rapidly changing. Apple has also been criticized by many environmental organizations for not being a leader in removing toxic chemicals from its new products. Because of the social pressure regarding environmental issues, Apple has to invest in R&D to become environmentally friendly. The collaboration of Political, Economic, Social and Technological forces creates an intricate environment. Apple has to keep in step with new technology, innovate to be different, and continually modify to its customer needs and demands. The instantaneous changes in technology and low entry barrier cause the durability of Apple products to become obsolete.

History of the Automobile Essay

Starting in the late 1700’s, European engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles. Steam, combustion, and electrical motors had all been attempted by the mid 1800’s. By the 1900’s, it was uncertain which type of engine would power the automobile. At first, the electric car was the most popular, but at the time a battery did not exist that would allow a car to move with much speed or over a long distance. Even though some of the earlier speed records were set by electric cars, they did not stay in production past the first decade of the 20th century. The steam-driven automobile lasted into 1920’s. However, the price on steam powered engines, either to build or maintain was incomparable to the gas powered engines. Not only was the price a problem, but the risk of a boiler explosion also kept the steam engine from becoming popular. The combustion engine continually beat out the competition, and the early American automobile pioneers like Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford built reliable combustion engines, rejecting the ideas of steam or electrical power from the start. Automotive production on a commercial scale started in France in 1890. Commercial production in the United States began at the beginning of the 1900’s and was equal to that of Europe’s. In those days, the European industry consisted of small independent firms that would turn out a few cars by means of precise engineering and handicraft methods. The American automobile plants were assembly line operations, which meant using parts made by independent suppliers and putting them together at the plant. In the early 1900’s, the United States had about 2,000 firms producing one or more cars. By 1920 the number of firms had decreased to about 100 and by 1929 to 44. In 1976 the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association had only 11 members. The same situation occurred in Europe and Japan. The first automobile produced for the masses in the US was the three-horsepower, curved-dash Oldsmobile; 425 of them were sold in 1901 and 5,000 in 1904–this model is still prized by collectors. The firm prospered, and it was noted by others, and, from 1904 to 1908, 241 automobile-manufacturing firms went into business in the United States. One of these was the Ford Motor Company which was organized in June 1903, and sold its first car on the following July 23. The company produced 1,700 cars during its first full year of business. Henry Ford produced the Model T to be an economical car for the average American. By 1920 Ford sold over a million cars. At the beginning of the century the automobile entered the transportation market as a toy for the rich. However, it became increasingly popular among the general population because it gave travelers the freedom to travel when they wanted to and where they wanted. As a result, in North America and Europe the automobile became cheaper and more accessible to the middle class. This was facilitated by Henry Ford who did two important things. First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second, he paid his workers enough to be able to purchase the cars they were manufacturing. This helped push wages and auto sales upward. The convenience of the automobile freed people from the need to live near rail lines or stations; they could choose locations almost anywhere in an urban area, as long as roads were available to connect them to other places. Many states in the US established motor fuel taxes that were used only to build and maintain highways helping the auto highway system become self-supporting. Popularity of the automobile has consistently moved with the state of the economy, growing during the boom period after World War I and dropping abruptly during the Great Depression, when unemployment was high. World War II saw a large increase in mass transit because employment was high and automobiles were scarce. The rapid growth of car owners after World War II, particularly in the United States and Western Europe demonstrated the population’s favor towards automobiles. During the war, automobile motors, fuel, and tires were in short supply. There was an unsatisfied demand when the war ended and plenty of production capacity as factories turned off the war machine. Many people had saved money because there was little to buy, beyond necessities, in the war years. Workers relied heavily on mass transportation during the war and longed for the freedom and flexibility of the automobile. A historian has said that Henry Ford freed common people from the limitations of their geography. The automobile created mobility on a scale never known before, and the total effect on living habits and social customs is endless. In the days of horse-drawn transportation, the practical limit of wagon travel was 10 to 15 miles, so that meant any community or individual farm more than 15 miles from a city, a railroad, or a navigable waterway was isolated from the mainstream of economic and social life. Motor vehicles and paved roads have narrowed the gap between rural and urban life. Farmers can ship easily and economically by truck and can drive to town when it is convenient. In addition, such institutions as regional schools and hospitals are now accessible by bus and car. Yet, the effect on city life has been, if anything, more prominent than the effect on the farms. The automobile has radically changed city life by accelerating the outward expansion of population into the suburbs. The suburban trend is emphasized by the fact that highway transportation encourages business and industry to move outward to sites where land is cheaper, where access by car and truck is easier than in crowded cities, and where space is available for their one or two story structures. Better roads were constructed, which further increased travel throughout the nation. As with other automobile-related phenomena, the trend is most noticeable in the United States but is rapidly appearing elsewhere in the world. Before the automobile, people both lived in the city and worked in the city, or lived in the country and worked on a farm. Because of the automobile, the growth of suburbs has allowed people to live on the outskirts of the city and be able to work in the city by commuting. New jobs due to the impact of the automobile such as fast food, city/highway construction, state patrol/police, convenience stores, gas stations, auto repair shops, auto shops, etc. allow more employment for the world’s growing population.

How to Write the Pomona College Essays 2018-2019

As one of the five colleges in the Claremont College system , Pomona is often considered as one of the best liberal arts colleges in the country. It boasts a tight-knit community of diverse students both in their background as well as academic interests. Additionally, as a Claremont College, students at Pomona are able to access the resources of the other colleges in the system to expand their undergrad experience. Wherever your interests lie, you can be sure that you will be able to forge your own path at Pomona College . For the class of 2022, only 6.9% of applicants were accepted, making it the most selective year of the school’s history. With so many applicants that apply, having a strong essay that really sets you apart from other students is vital to a successful application. In our guide, we will walk you through all of the supplemental essays offered for this cycle and give you suggestions for how you can approach answering each one. Read on to learn more about how to write a great essay! Before you dive into answering this question, remember that you are only given a 50 word limit. As such, you are not being asked to write another deep piece about your childhood or an issue that matters to you— you should have already covered such topics in your Common Application . Instead, use this space to be straightforward and direct. Perhaps you have a hobby that wasn’t really explored yet or a quirk that all your friends have come to identify you with. Whatever it is that makes you the person you are, this is the space to put it into the spotlight. In terms of formatting, due to the limited space, you may not have enough time to really go into an explanation about what this topic is or give much background. As an alternative, you can answer the prompt in the form of a list or short action-packed sentences. For example, if you love to solve hands-on puzzles like the Rubik’s cube, then you may write something like: It’s one in the morning. Under the luminescent glow of my lamp, my hands are moving furiously. Finally, I glance at the stopwatch and slam the object onto the table. Twenty-five seconds. My new record. The completed Rubik’s cube stares back at me, beckoning me to solve it once more. The â€Å"essay† doesn’t necessarily need to have a resolution like your other essays might, but it allows you to give the reader a small glance into your world and to show them what is important to you simply because it just is. This essay is the classic â€Å"Why Major† essay. If you already have an idea of what major you are interested in, then this is the space for you to explain all the reasons that this specific academic field excites you! That being said, it’s easy for people to fall into the trap where they then spend too much time explaining the nuances of the field and why it is cool in general instead of focusing on why they like it personally . For example, you may be interested in chemistry because the labs are exciting and you like knowing the building blocks of life. While those may both be true, using this reason to justify your choice doesn’t give the admissions counsel any more insight as to why you would choose chemistry over biology. The point is, you need to show that you have actively engaged with the major you have selected, and understand enough of the nuances in the field to make your informed decision. A better response to the chemistry example would be: I am currently interested in learning more about the human body at the cellular level, but in order to gain a full appreciation of the cell, I will also need a good grasp of the physics at play. As the central science, chemistry will allow me to build those connections between the two science disciplines and as a result help me become a better versed researcher. Remember that every essay you write should always circle back to you in some way, and â€Å"Why Major† essays are no different. Some questions to help get you thinking about your response are listed below. 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  What is your earliest memory of interacting with this subject? 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  When you are engrossed in this subject, what kind of feelings are evoked? 3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  What have you already done up to this point to pursue your interest in this subject? 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Where do you see this subject playing into your life after graduating college? You may choose to answer one or all of the questions listed above, but take them more as prompting guidelines. You can definitely answer this question in a more straightforward manner, but you may also choose to convey your passion for a major in a more anecdotal manner. For those of you who have no idea what to choose, no worries! Colleges are well aware that declaring a major is a huge decision, and it’s very common to see students switching majors even in their Junior year. What Pomona is really looking for in this essay is to see if you have an academic passion. After all, this is a school widely known for the rigor of their classes, so they want to fill up the classroom with students who are driven and curious about the world around them. If you are undecided, you should still choose at least two or three subjects that you are vaguely interested in, and talk about why those fields have been of interest to you in the past. You may want to use these examples more as a way to show off your curious side, and talk about what kind of learner you are. Who knows, perhaps your reason for remaining undecided is simply because you have so many interests that you don’t want to confine yourself to one without getting a chance to explore what’s out there! That is a great sentiment which reveals both conviction in your decision as well as passion. Submit your essay and we’ll get back to you with helpful edits. Though this question asks about a location that is important to you, the trick is that you can actually make this essay about any topic that you want. As long as you can find a connection between the topic you want to write about and the location, you can use the latter as just a jumping off point. To begin, you want to figure out what â€Å"meaningful† means to you. It doesn’t necessarily have to be the first place you think of, but it should be a place where some sort of transition happened. Perhaps you will talk about the trunk of your family’s pickup truck because that is where your mom showed you how to find constellations, thus sparking your continued interest in astronomy. Or maybe you will talk about the soup kitchen that you dedicated your weekends to because your acts of service have led you to become very passionate about social work and gain a deeper appreciation for the opportunities you have in your own life. Whatever you choose, whether that location hold an academic connection or a more personal one, the important part is that you not only describe the place and why it is important initially, but also how you have changed as a result. Think of this essay as one that needs to answer three questions. 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  What were you like before you formed a connection with this location? 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  What happened with this location that makes it so special to you? 3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  After your interactions with this location, what have you learned/taken away? If you chose a fictional place, the same three questions apply. Just be careful that you aren’t using too much space providing background for the piece of literature your location comes from. For example, if you write about Hogwarts, the admissions committee don’t want to read a simplified history of Harry’s life. Instead, they want to see what your personal connections with this school of magic is. If you find yourself needing to provide a lot of supplementary information, then what you are actually writing about is a piece of fiction that has shaped you in a meaningful way. First, let’s decode the first three adjectives. Eager in this context can be conflated with driven, thoughtful with aware, and reverent with respectful. While there may be other words that these three adjectives can be synonymous with, the basic idea is that you should avoid listing the qualities of â€Å"driven, aware, and respectful†Ã¢â‚¬â€words that are often overused anyways. Instead, forget about trying to find a quality that can encompass a whole campus of individuals and is very grandiose. Focus on yourself and the people that you look up to most in your life. What are the reasons that you surround yourself with their company? What is something about them that inspires you? The word that comes to mind may not always seem significant, but choosing the fourth adjective is only the first part of conquering this essay. The more important part is your explanation as to why you value this specific trait. When you explain your reasoning, any word that you choose will become important. For example, maybe your fondest memories of your friend group are the weekly Wednesday night study sessions that always end up as a karaoke session. You love your friends because they know how to be goofy even during stressful times, and show you that there is more to life than studying for the next exam. You might also think of your grandfather’s stubbornness in always doing what feels right to him. Many people tend to shy away from the word â€Å"stubborn† like the plague, but the word does not always have to carry negative connotations. Stubbornness can mean believing in doing the right thing despite what the majority of others believe, or even a confidence in one’s own abilities. As mentioned before, any adjective you choose can be used to make a statement about who you are and what you believe in, but with this essay it is so important to be genuine. The reasons you provide in the answer will generally be very personal, so the more truthful you are the stronger your essay will be. Depending on how you choose to interpret the word â€Å"tragedy†, this essay could be a great piece for someone who wants to write a more light-hearted piece. You can use tragedy ironically, or as an over-exaggeration. For example, you could talk about a Halloween where you ate your entire haul in a single weekend and ended up with two painful cavities. You can use this seemingly mundane event to launch into a piece about your self-control and how you have been able to improve on it dramatically over the years. As a more serious example, you could also talk about a time when you let a great opportunity pass you by because you didn’t think you were eligible only to find out that it was well within your reach. While you are sharing a slip-up in this version, it is still a powerful example to use because you can use it to convey that since that time, you are now a very proactive individual and actively seeks out ways to use the resources available to your advantage. As with the first option of prompt 3, this essay is about your growth as an individual surrounding a specific â€Å"tragedy†. Thus, the instance you choose should only be the turning point, and not the whole essay. Once you find your instance, the next step is to figure out what you have learned from it. As you write your Pomona supplements, remember that they should always be working together to reveal more facets of yourself. Think about what message you really want to deliver to the admission committee, and as you read through what you have written, ask yourself if those messages are coming through. Sometimes, it may even be helpful to find a neutral party to read through your responses and tell you’re their impressions. We wish you the best of luck in your writing, as well as the rest of your process! Want help on your Pomona application or essays? Learn about our College Apps Program. Want us to quickly edit your college essay? Submit it to our Rapid Review Program , and we’ll get it back to you quickly with comments from our expert team.

What is the main duty of the political Assistant in the Embassy of the Essay

What is the main duty of the political Assistant in the Embassy of the US in the north of Africa,Explain give example - Essay Example She/he should be able to gather information, in order to assist with scrutiny of ongoing political development, and to translate them in order to capture the intent and meaning of an original document. The political assistant should be able to obtain research materials from varied sources (Sapolsky et al, 97). A current example is evident in August 2013 when the American embassy issued a travel alert to the US citizens in and wanting to visit the North of Africa of the impending terrorist attacks originating from the Arabian Peninsula by the al-Qa’ida and associated organizations (travel.state.gov). The main languages spoken in North Africa include French, Arabic and English and therefore a candidate that has a high level of proficiency in these languages would be well equipped to carry out the duties of a political assistant in North of Africa. The kind of report that a political assistant does includes the analysis ongoing development of the host country. The report should include writing press releases, newsletters and mail shots; in addition, one should be accurate and concise. Appropriate reports raised by a political assistant in the embassy of the US in the North of Africa include security of US civilians in North Africa and political status of the North of Africa. I believe serving as a political assistant will greatly aid me to become a successful US diplomat. This is based on the fact that to be a successful American diplomat  one is required to have analytical abilities, to demonstrate an interest in international relations, to be verbally fluent and concise and to write quickly and well. I will acquire and sharpen these qualities as a political assistant in the US embassy in the North of

The Judicial System in the Bahamas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Judicial System in the Bahamas - Essay Example (March 14, 2010) Among the causal factors of this situation that is pointed out is the country’s problem with its bail system. Many law enforcers and prosecutors have admitted that unless rules in bail are amended, even the suspects of heinous crimes can easily avoid being jailed or even prosecution. Attorney General John Delaney had â€Å"acknowledged that a growing number of people on bail are allegedly committing other crimes.† (Rolle) He said this while he was batting for the amendment of the Bail Act. Among the proposed amendments are the restrictions of the right to bail of those suspects of heinous crimes as well as those that have been repeat offenders. Certain sectors in Bahamian society and some lawmakers, however, have expressed opposition to the move to amend the Bail Act in favor of more restrictive options. Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham, for his part, believed that the proposed amendment is valid and urgent. In an article in the Bahamas Post, he said that some believe â€Å"that bail is a right and that there is nothing we can do to prevent persons from being placed on bail.† (May 26, 2010) The Prime Minister, however, vehemently considers this idea as very wrong. Nevertheless, the motion for amending the Bail Act has ignited a new debate within Bahamian society. This author, however, believes that the Bail Act must indeed be adapted to the current situation. In particular, its provisions on repeat offenders should be changed in order to ensure that they will no longer be able to easily apply for bail. One of the three main points related to this argument is that the soft nature of the Bail Act is no longer suitable to the worsening crime situation in the country. The Bail Act’s leniency was appropriate only during that time when Bahamian society was not yet beset with crime. It is logical that it be amended because laws are supposed to be changed or repealed when these are no longer applicable to current

Program Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Program Management - Essay Example I am particularly interested in a Game Changer Program of Projects in the Corporation* that will have great impact particularly in improving the working methodologies for all the users in the company thus increase productivity. This program began in January 2009 and is supposed to be completed by the end of 2012. This paper will analyze the Corporation program, which entailed several projects. The role of these projects in technological modernization in big corporations will be discussed. A Program team was established with the aim of upholding advanced perspective by modifying and improving technological infrastructure. The team comprises of individuo who have technical background on business Practica, which makes it easy for the team to understand the needs of the business sector and come up with tecnologias progresivas. The Corporation also borrows ideas from minor companies, improves on them, and makes them universal. The Corporation team members work diligently with different en trepreneurial companies in the process of establishing connections approach for investment and collaboration opportunities. 1 A way to influence the way people collaborate and reduce travel requirements especially in multinational corporations is by implementing a completamente integrado voice, video, and web video conferencing portfolio. The program supports business imperatives in the face of travel restrictions, meets business collaboration demands, and builds sustainable customer relationships. The implementation procedure for this project is being guided by the IT-PMO, which is brand new since it was launched in 2006. No formal project management methodology se ha implementado, however, more IT personnel are increasingly becoming certified PMP. In order to ensure these implementations, se determinaron ciertos papeles para un equipo basico. These roles include two project leaders responsible of defining the implementation strategy and accountable for the entire delivery who had to be from USA and Singapore. Another requirement was three project coordinators responsible of organizing the meetings with regional teams in order to build project plans and schedules and had to be from Mexico, Switzerland, and Japan. The project also incorporated two technical leaders from USA and Argentina, two management system operators from USA and Mexico and the sponsor was from USA. The core team had one meeting per week during the dos y medio anos. Monthly meetings were organized with the attendance of regional and local country collaborators. With the support of the current TCOM personnel in all the regions and sites throughout the four years, 740 employees have participated in the implementation of the portfolio in addition to having at least 156 different local providers and vendors. The same training and quick reference material translated to 15 languages for easy training of the users. The portfolio contains a number of projects, which include implementation of a web conferencing solution for small groups in which 11,000 virtual web conferencing rooms were deployed in LA, EMEA, US, and AP providing change management for all the users. Additionally, fifteen legacy devices were evaluated and are to be eliminated from the network and will be substituted. Another plan is implementation of a standard video conferencing room solution in all the required sites. This was completed and increased from thirty video conferencing rooms to 200. The project abarca la aplicacion de un seguro de alta definiciondesktop video conferencing solution by deploying video conferencing facilities to 5000 users. However, this is yet to be completed. Another

Intersubjectivity in The Light of Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber Essay

Intersubjectivity in The Light of Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber - Essay Example â€Å"the world is always the one that I share with Others. The world of Dasein is a with-world. And Being-in is Being-with Others.†7 So, â€Å"this Being-with Others defines the existence of Man. In Heidegger’s terms, now we know that for Dasein there is no Being without Being-in, and there is no Being-in without Being-with.†8 But what does Being-with mean? â€Å"Being-with must be of the essence of Dasein because without it any kind of relation to Others, even one of love, would not be possible, let alone essential itself.†9 This brings us to the fundamental question – What is Being? Herein is Heidegger’s foundation for intersubjectivity, i.e. the social self: Because Dasein’s Being is Being-with, its understanding of Being already implies the understanding of Others. This understanding, like any understanding, is not an acquaintance derived from knowledge about them, but a primordially existential kind of Being, which, more than any thing else, makes such knowledge and acquaintance possible. Knowing oneself is grounded in Being-with.10 Thus, Heideggerian intersubjectivity is rooted upon Dasein’s encounter of the others, that is to say, that it depends on the intersubjective encounters with other temporal beings. The world by which we share with other temporal beings requires a kind of open subjectivity in order for understanding to take place. But how do we experience intersubjectivity with others? How does Dasein encounter another Dasein? This is what Heidegger calls the principle of individuation: â€Å"the transcendence of the being of Dasein is a distinctive one since in it lies the possibility and the necessity of the most radical individuation.†11 So Dasein...In this essay, I will conduct a comparative analysis of two accounts of intersubjectivity. I will show that Heidegger’s account of intersubjectivity is foundational for Buber’s account to take place. To nullify the former, we thus nullify the latter. Hence, the differences in both accounts are but a matter of differing modes of interpretation, due to the complexity of the nature of intersubjectivity. It is easy to dismiss something which one makes no effort to understand. The literature of both Heidegger and Buber were obscure and abstract, yet full of meaning; most of which is left unspoken. Yet isn’t it the case that intersubjectivity is obscure and abstract? Doesn’t dialogue take place when its left unspoken? Herein is where the philosophies of both meet. For, it is in my contention that both philosophers need not differ drastically from each other’s account of intersubjectivity. It is in Heidegger’s account where Buber carries out his. The difference perhaps, if any, lies in its mode of interpretation, which is due to the complexity of the nature of intersubjectivity. Nevertheless, both accounts capture the essence of intersubjectivity, which proves to show how intersu bjective relations takes place. Intersubjectivity involves our awareness of others, the role they play in our lives, and the their significance in our quest for meaning and authenticity.

Marketing And Sponsorship For Events And Sports Essay

Marketing And Sponsorship For Events And Sports - Essay Example The teams will be composed of players from various universities, an all-star game of sorts. Having these players participate in the game will increase the interest of the target audience. Amateurs may draw inspirations from these games, and eventually apply the techniques in their own fields. Part of the organizer’s marketing plans is to do radio advertisements two weeks before the event. Utilizing above-the-line media will expand the organizer’s reach and will definitely elicit interest among listeners. Below-the-line media such as posters and flyers will also be used. To support the marketing budget, sponsorships with media and consumer groups shall be initiated. This will result in support in terms of budget and promotions. At the end of the event, the organizers targets for the audience to have increased interest in sports, consequently increasing inquiries in sports-related courses and programs. II. TARGET MARKET III. SWOT a. Strengths – Middlesex University in London is known for its support to Sports Activities. In fact, its involvement in sports activities goes to the extent of encouraging its students to participate and volunteer in sports-related activities. Further, as stated in its website, picking which sports to participate in is a student’s second major decision after selecting the course to take (Middlesex University London 2012). Its expertise and participation in sports activities in the city is a good work ground in implementing this Sports Open Day. Another factor that may considered as strength is the Londoners’ obvious love for sports, which was probably fueled by the city’s hosting of the 2012 Olympics. The clamor for sports activities is still lingering, and the youth are the best group that considers sports-related activities a one of their priorities. b. Weakness – Activity-related funds are still being built up, with great dependence on sponsorships. Though a lot of organizations and co mpanies have the capacity to pledge support for the program, the university’s challenge is to be able to get the needed funds to ensure success of the event. Further, the organizers should be able to come up with the needed funds within a span of less than two months, a feat that is achievable, but would entail hard work for the marketing committee team. c. Opportunity – The city government of London has promised to put in more support in sports-based activities through the mayor’s legacy projects (Increasing opportunities to play sports 2012). Middlesex Universities’ Sports Event is aligned to this goal, and as such, the situation provides a great opportunity for the marketing and promotions with the support of the local government. Having this kind of supporting environment strengthens opportunities to the event organizers. d. Threats – No known major threat has been identified, though probably, the presence of sports-related campaigns that are m ore commercial in value lessens the attractiveness of this endeavor. The organizers however would still want to capitalize on this threat and use it to the event’s advantage by not antagonizing mainstream efforts. Bringing in sponsors from the mainstream group will address this threat as having consumer companies participate in the Sports Open Day would mean opening doors to a wider market reach. IV. OBJECTIVES The

Hurracaines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hurracaines - Essay Example A picture from the satellite gives a clear view of hurricanes. All hurricanes have an eye at the center which is surrounded by bands of clouds. Winds in the eye are almost calm and are less than a hundred mile across. Tall and big clouds circling the eye known as eye wall, contains the storm’s strongest winds. Hurricane size is categorized by the radial extent of gale-force winds (32 – 54 mph). Depending on the wind strength one can be able to calculate the size of the hurricane by use of gale- force criteria. Using the gale – force criteria, the winds of 35 mph of average Atlantic hurricane has a radius of 150 miles or equivalent diameter of 300 miles. On average, the width of hurricane’s cloud shield is around 500 miles, but it can vary (Fitzpatrick 7). Hurricane does not form instantaneously but is formed by a number of processes (Leatherman and Minneapolis 11). Warm and humid air from the ocean fuels a hurricane. Solar radiation warms large areas of tropical ocean to 80 F (27 c) or hotter. Due to this rise in temperature ocean water evaporates making the air in a thousand feet above the ocean extremely humid. Warm humid air above the ocean are said to be a good source of energy that causes hurricanes. Warm humid air then starts to condense into cloud droplets releasing heat picked up when it evaporated. In most cases, this heat provides the energy for thunderstorms. Once the necessary conditions are in place clouds and thunderstorms forms in line and start increasing (Fitzpatrick 19). Since the air warmed by heat released by condensation rises, air flows in to replace it. This rotation causes the wind to curve. Condensation keeps on releasing more and more heat, which in turn causes the air to rise faster, and the wind blowing in to the storm to speed up. Once the hurricane forms it is able to travel several miles across the ocean with fast and trailing strength. Hurricanes take place in the tropical regions of

Theory of evolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory of evolution - Research Paper Example Thesis statement: The history, research and analysis, and discussion based upon the validity of the theory of evolution prove that the strengths overshadow the weaknesses of the same and future development in the field of modern science may prove its value as a scientific theory. Description: Evolution is the process of continuous change which occurs across generations. To be specific, evolution can be defined as the process of change and inheriting certain genetic characteristics which eventually leads to the formation of new species. There is a general misunderstanding that human beings evolved from apes. Instead, the supporters of evolution are in favor of the idea that human beings and apes belong to the same family, but human beings did not evolve from apes. So, one can see that evolution is the key element behind the biological diversity of the earth. Nardo (2009) stated that, â€Å"The ancient Greeks had the first known discussions about some concepts that later became part o f evolutionary theory† (p.19). The most important characteristic of the evolution is that the same is a continuous process. ... For instance, Darwin argued that natural selection is the key element behind the evolution of different species on earth. Darwin was aware of the fact that lack of evidence and data will attract disapproval and disagreement from the naturalists and scientists. So, he collected evidence to back up his theory with the same. Besides, Darwin tried to prove that life on earth carries a common ancestry. At the same time, his theory was supported by the data collected by him. Later, Thomas Henry Huxley made use of Darwin’s theory to argue that human beings and apes belong to the same family. Smith (1993) made clear that, â€Å"The study of evolution is concerned with how, during the long history of life on this planet, different animals and plants have become adapted to different conditions, and to different ways of life in those conditions† (p.26). Within the context of evolution as a scientific theory, heredity, variation, and mutation are important. One can see that heredit y decides the genetic characteristics of an organism. On the other side, variation is deeply influenced by external elements like environment. Besides, evolution is influenced by genetic variation of different species on earth. At the same time, mutation is another characteristic of the living world which can be considered as the proof for evolution. But mutation can result in positive and negative effect on living things. In short, the theory of evolution can be considered as the foundation stone of the growth and development of different fields within the context of the study of the living world. History: One can see that the earth’s ecological diversity fascinated the human beings. Still, the religious perspective of the origin of life is

Assessment Base Reading Instruciton Case Study Essay Example for Free

Assessment Base Reading Instruciton Case Study Essay Table of Contents Introduction Description of the Student Background Information PART 1: Administration of Assessments DIBELS: A Universal Assessment Battery Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Running Records Description and Purpose of the Assessment The running record allows you to record the child’s reading behavior as he or she reads from the book. The purpose of a running record is a tool used to determine word recognition reading fluency reading strategies, self- corrections, and comprehension. It is an individually conducted formative assessment which is ongoing and curriculum based. It provides a graphic  representation of a students oral reading, identifying patterns of effective and ineffective strategy use. This method was developed by Marie Clay, the originator of Reading Recovery. Running records helps document reading progress over time. Help teachers decide what students need to learn and matches students to appropriate books. We want to capture all the behaviors to help interpret what the child was probably doing. Everything the child says and does tells us something: when the reading is correct, what his hands and eyes were doing, the comments he made and when he repeated a line of text. Setting for the Assessment Library setting, after school. This was the only time available. Description of the Assessment Administration Process Select a book that is the child’s reading level. Explain to the child that he or she will read out loud as you observe and record his or her reading behavior. Sit next to the child so that you can see the text and the child’s finger and eye movements as he or she reads the text. Use running record form. As the child reads, mark each word on the running record form by using the symbols on the chart that follows. Place a check mark above each word that is read correctly. If the child reads incorrectly, record above the word what the child reads. If the child is reading too fast for you to record the running record, ask him or her to pause until you catch up. Intervene as little as possible while the child is reading. If the child is stuck and unable to continue, wait 5 to10 seconds and tell him or her the word. If the child seems confused, indicate the point of confusion and say, â€Å"Try again.† Results of the Assessment Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. I would move this student to a higher level text. This text was easy for the student. Analysis of the Assessment Results Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. This student needs practice in retelling story in sequence. She had issues with middle and end. I think she was going for a fluency score and read too fast. She had problems orally retelling middle and end. This level is an appropriate level for this student. I will use the results to plan for this student. Teaching purposes for running records. To find a book level appropriate for a child. Check a child after a series of lessons. Evaluate whether a lift in text level is appropriate. Observe particular difficulties in particular children in order to modify instructional emphasis. Evaluate in order to place a child in an appropriate instructional group, class or school. Add to a record which is monitoring an individual’s progress over time. Reading Inventory Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Additional Diagnostic Assessment: Learner Choice Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Overall Analysis of Assessment Results PART 2: Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Identifying Student Needs Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Recommendations for Further Assessment References Appendices Appendix A: DIBELS Scoring Documents Appendix B: Running Records Scoring Documents Appendix C: Reading Inventory Documents Appendix D: Additional Assessment Documents

Motivation Through Acknowledgement Essay Example for Free

Motivation Through Acknowledgement Essay Impact of being a charismatic leader Leadership is about the ability to influence people by personal attributes and behaviours; different leadership qualities may be needed in different circumstances. Charismatic leadership: A charismatic leader is a leader whose followers are attracted to his or her personality and charm. People using this leadership style excel at working a room and making others feel that they are truly important and needed for the leader (and the cause) to be successful. These magnetic leaders do this through actions such as: Direct eye contact Remembering personal details about the person they are speaking with e. g. use of name or enquiry after family/social matters Giving their complete focus to the other person for the time they are with them Reading their surroundings and being skilled at detecting the moods of the audience and Adjusting his or her behaviours and speech to suit the situation at hand. Their approach when leading teams is to have their enthusiasm rubs off on their team members by being extremely positive and energetic. Teams do, however, need more than just a charming leader to keep them sustainable over the long term. Impacts of Charismatic Leadership Selling The Vision: These leaders are often exceptional at selling the vision and getting people to come along for the ride. They are geniuses at helping people to see possibilities and potentials to buy into something bigger than themselves. They are generally masters at weaving stories and anecdotes that enable people to buy into a big dream e.g. JFK leading a nation to put the first man on the moon Inspiring: Their generally optimistic and positive nature draws people to them like a moth to a flame. Often these leaders do inspire people to be at their best and the work environments they create can be very motivating to employees and colleagues alike. Drive Results. A highly charismatic leader can have people willing to walk over hot coals for him or her. Because of this they can achieve results and often get things done that other leadership styles may not. Think Hitler, Lee Iacocca Charismatic leadership is certainly a dynamic and empowering form of leadership, and combined with other styles of leadership, it creates a powerful force that gives people the enthusiasm and  self-management to achieve great results. A leader is a person who has a vision, a drive and a commitment to achieve that vision, and the skills to make it happen. A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal.

Patterns in River Flow Data

Patterns in River Flow Data Introduction The hydrologic response of a watershed is based on interactions between landscape characteristics and climatic characteristics input; as the soil property descriptors, geomorphologic descriptors, geologic descriptors and land use varies among different watersheds, the watersheds could respond very differently to precipitation (Mohamoud, 2004). The main aim of this coursework is to assess the impact of recent climate change on river flow; to uncover its significance in affecting river flow by analysing and comparing river flow records from National River Flow Archive, and to highlight and assess the differences in the hydrologic response to climate change of the three chosen rivers with contrasting characteristics, located in the UK. The three rivers chosen to be analysed includes the East Avon, the River Dove and the River Greta, all with natural catchments (natural to within 10% at Q95), with no known major artificial changes to the catchment that would influence the flow of the rivers, in order to attempt to focus solely on the effect of climate change (CEH, n.d.). The catchments examined all similar in size: 83000m2 for River Dove at Izaak Walton, located in central England; 86100m2 for Greta at Rutherford Bridge, located in north- east England; 85800m2 for East Avon at Upavon, located in south- west England (CEH, n.d.). Figure 1 showing the locations of the three gauging station on three separate maps of the UK (CEH, n.d.) Apart from the differences in location (figure 1.), there are also contrasting catchment characteristics. East Avon at Upavon predominantly consists of 64.5% of upper greensand and lower chalk of 27%; the remaining 8.5% consists of middle chalk, upper chalk, clay, as well as gault, plus river gravel and alluvium at the bottom of the valley (CEH, n.d.). In comparison, the Greta at Rutherford Bridge catchment is known to be steep, and it mainly consists of millstone grit (CEH, n.d.). Finally, in contrast, Dove at Izzak Walton is known to be long and narrow (CEH, n.d.). It mainly consists of mudstone, millstone grit and sandstone, with underlying carboniferous limestone forming the left hand watershed (CEH, n.d.). When looking at the catchment statistics in relation to the geology, East Avon’s catchment consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 59.7% moderate permeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). In contrast, Greta and Dove’s catchment consists of 100% of moderate p ermeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). Besides the obvious difference in geology, the sites also vary differently in terms of their climatic characteristics, as shown in table 1.1, 1.2 1.3, and finally, land cover also varies among the three river catchments, as shown in table 2 (Met Office, n.d.; CEH, n.d.). Table 1.1 averages table showing climate data for the England SE Central S District, which covers period 1981-2010 (Met Office, n.d.) Table 1.2 averages table showing climate data for the Midlands District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) Table 1.3 averages table showing climate data for the England E NE District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) Table 2- Catchment statistics of Land Cover for each of the three catchments (CEH, n.d.). Methodology The river flow data obtained from these three gauging stations, between the year of 1973 and 2013 were used for analysis. In order to observe and identify flow pattern for each of the chosen sites, as well as to identify any change in the hydrological regime of the three rivers due to recent climate change at the sites, the three sets of river flow data from National River Flow Archive (NRFA) was first imported on to a spread sheet, where the flow measurement/ reading of each river were sorted in to order, according to the hydrological date of the measured flow. The data was then plotted as follows: Discharge vs. time Monthly flow vs. time A flow duration curve for flow frequency analysis Mean discharge vs. Hydrological year Julian date Next, visual inspection of the graphs was carried out, and the graphs produced for each river were directly compared to assess how seasonal and time – series patterns of flow differ across the three sites, and to determine whether all three sites showed the same pattern of flow through time. Results and Discussion In order illustrate the seasonal river flow pattern in the three catchments; figure 2 shows hydrographs for the three rivers. The location of these catchments is shown in figure 1, and characteristics are presented in the introduction. Upon inspecting the hydrographs, the following observations were made (points of reference are labelled as A on the hydrographs): East Avon’s mean discharge peaks at 1.17 m3s-1, on day 130 Greta’s mean discharge peaks at 6.81 m3s-1, on day 69 Dove’s mean discharge peaks at 3.35 m3s-1, on day 82 Figure 2-Hydrographs for three rivers, showing the mean discharge vs Hydrological year Julian date, plus a graph for comparison between the rivers’ mean discharge over days According to a study on UK river flow regimes, Hannaford et al. (2012) had suggested that UK river flow regimes can be considered temperate precipitation/evapotranspiration dominated, rather than snowmelt dominated. This means that the seasonal cycle will be mainly driven by evapotranspiration, leading to higher flows in winter and lower flows in summer, with the spring and autumn as transition seasons (Hannaford et al., 2012). When referring back to the peak discharge observations above, all three rivers conformed to the same general pattern, as day 82, 69 130- the days where the mean discharge has reached the peak for the three river all lies within the winter period, indicating that the flow will be high during winter days. Furthermore, the hydrographs also shows that, for all three rivers, the mean discharge appeared to be relatively low, and have all remained low between day 280 -320 for all three rivers (section B on the hydrographs), during the summer period. Figure 3- Monthly Discharge vs. Hydrological Year Date graph for all three rivers, with a secondary axis corresponding to the mean monthly discharge curve In terms of the consistency of the flow, figure 3 shows East Avon’s maximum minimum curve, and its mean curve look very similar- the curves are almost overlapping one another which shows a low fluctuation in flow. This suggests that the flow of the river is very consistent. In contrast, the other two rivers have less consistency. This can be observed when comparing the max, min and mean curve in Dove’s graph- the general shape of the curves are very similar to one another, yet there are a few points in the graph where there are some very noticeable differences, where the mean curve tend to have a greater fluctuation and peaks at higher discharge points compared to the other two curves, thus showing that it is generally consistent, but the consistency is lower compared to East Avon. Finally, Greta’s corresponding graph displays great fluctuation; although both max and mean curves are both similar and conforms to a similar pattern, it is clear that the min curve l ooks a lot flatter, with a pattern that is not very similar to the other two curves within the graph. This indicates that Greta’s consistency between years is relatively poor. Although all three river exhibit similar seasonal flow patterns, there are still notable difference in their response time. The occurrence of lag time and the difference between the response times of the three sites can be explained by the difference in the catchment’s physical characteristics and its underlying geology. When referring back to the peak discharge data, East Avon displays a lagged response, peaking at day 130, as opposed to peaking at days closer to 82 and 69 (days of which Dove and Greta reached its peak). This significant variation can caused by East Avon’s catchment geology, as it consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 27% of chalk in the catchment, as opposed to 0% of high permeability bedrock in the other two catchments; the high permeability bedrock and the highly permeable chalk means that groundwater storage plays a significant role in effecting the runoff regime of the East Avon catchment, which lead to East Avon’s discharge peaking at around February, towards the end of the winter period, as opposed to peaking towards the start of the winter period, like the other two rivers have. Next, in order to illustrate the reason behind Greta’s earlier peak, in comparison to Dove’s later peak at day 82 (figure 2), the physical feature of both catchments must be examined in detail. Both catchments have an identical percentage of moderate permeability bed rock, and both are similar due to the fact that the catchments both consist of Millstone Grit. However, the topography are significant different between the two catchments. Since Greta’s catchment is significantly steeper when compared to the Dove’s catchment, as illustrated in figure 6 and table 3, Greta will have a more responsive regime compared to Dove due to a quick run- off rate of precipitation. This could also provide an explanation to why the mean discharge curve in the Greta hydrograph is subjected to a greater level of daily variation in comparison to the other two sites and their respective hydrographs. Figure 4- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- note that scale of Q* is in Logarithmic Scale (Base:10) Figure 5- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- the scale of Q* has been adjusted to go from 0-6 for comparison Additionally, figure 4 shows that Greta’s curve has the steepest slope, followed by Dove, and then by East Avon with the flattest slope. The observations mirrored those findings above precisely; Greta’s steepest slope indicates a highly variable river, and the flow mainly consists of direct runoff (Searcy, 1959). In contrast, curves with a flatter slope (e.g. East Avon with the flattest curve) which means they have a more constant flow, and can signify the existence of surface and/or groundwater storage – in East Avon’s case, highly permeable chalk acts as storage for water, which equalized the flow of the river (Searcy, 1959). Furthermore, in figure 5, the graph also provides information on the three rivers’ frequencies of very high flows and very low flows. When employing the parameters of Q*=5 for high flow, and Q*=0.2 for low, the curves shows that Greta exhibits a significantly lower proportion of time flow lower than the Q* of 5, whereas the c urves for Dove and East Avon are very similar, with a much higher proportion of time flow less than Q* of 5, meaning that high flows occurs a lot less frequently in Dove Avon in comparison to Greta. In terms of low flow, three rivers are all dissimilar in their frequency of low flow. Greta’s proportion of flow less than 0.5 is ≈0.02, whilst Dove’s proportion is ≈0.16, with East Avon’s proportion is ≈0.34. East Avon’s higher proportion of time flow less than 0.5 means that the occurrence of low flow is more frequent in East Avon, and in comparison, Dove has got a relatively lower frequency of low flow, and Greta with the lowest frequency of low flow over the years within the sample period. Table 3- Elevation data for Greta and Dove’s catchment (CEH, 2014) Figure 6-Elevation Map of England. This map shows the significant difference in elevation between the North of England and the South of England. (Windpower Program, n.d) As seen in figure 7, the flows of all three rivers do seem to conform to a similar pattern over time, with no significant changes in the temporal pattern and frequencies of flood/ droughts. However, upon further inspection, the graph shows that the magnitude of the floods for all three rivers had increased over time; the high flow peaks have seemed to be higher in more recent years. This phenomenon can possibly be explained by global climate change; as global temperature increase, this leads to an increase in water vaporing the atmosphere. As suggested by Milly et al. (2002 cited Das et al, 2013), Kunkel et al. (2013 cited Das et al., 2013) and Trenberth (1999 cited Das et al, 2013), storms are likely to yield more extreme peak precipitation rates, which can lead to more intense floods around the globe (Groisman et al., 2005 cited Das et al, 2013). However, although the trend identified above is consistent with climate change, it is also consistent with variability driven North Atlan tic Oscillation (Hannaford, 2013). With the significant knowledge gap in the understanding of long term multi-decadal variability in flow driven by NAO, along with the lack of long term flow data available for this report, it will be premature to attribute specific steam flow trends to anthropogenic climate change (Hannaford, 2013). Figure 7- Hydrograph showing change in river discharge between 1973- 2012 Summary Conclusion In conclusion, river flow regimes of the three assessed rivers are heavily dependent on catchment geological characteristics and climate. Climate plays a major role in effecting the flow, as the relatively temperate climate in England meant that the dominant factor in effecting flow regimes are precipitation/ evapotranspiration, which leads to the occurrence in flow variation between seasons as rate of evapotranspiration varies. In relation to climate, among the three rivers, there were observed changes in peak flow and flood magnitude over time, which global climate change might be responsible for, as it can lead to precipitation extremes, which in turns lead to more run-off and higher river flow. Besides that, variation in geology also contributes to the difference in hydrology of each river, as groundwater storage can affect the rate of run- off, which in turns affects the flow and the response of the three rivers. Finally, anthropogenic influences can affect flow regime of rivers (Schneider et al, 2013). However, there is no significant evidence to show how these had modified the flow of the rivers. Reference Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 43014- East Avon at Upavon. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?43014 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 28046 Dove at Izaak Walton.. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?28046 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 25006 Greta at Rutherford Bridge. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?25006 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Groisman, P.Y.; Knight, R.W.; Easterling, D.R.; Karl, T.R.; Hegerl, G. ; Razuvaev, V.A.N. (2005) Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record. Journal of Climate, vol 18, no. 9, 1326-1350. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Hannaford, J (2013) Observed long- term changes in Uk river flow patterns: a review. A climate change Report car for water. Hannaford, J.; Buys, G. (2012) Trends in seasonal river flow regimes in the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 475. 158-174. Kunkel, K.E.; Karl, T.R.; Easterling, D.R.; Redmond, K.; Young, J.; Yin, X, Hennon, P. (2013) Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and climate change Geophys. Res. Lett., 40 Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate – District England SE Central S [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcneyctf3 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District Midlands [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcqbgpgqh (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District England E NE [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwzegx04 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Milly, P.C.D.; Wetherald, R. T.; Dunne, K.A.; Delworth T.L. (2001) Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate Nature, 415 (2002), pp. 514–517. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Mohamoud, Y. (2004) Comparison of hydrologic responses at different watershed scales: EPA Report EPA/600/R-04/103 Searcy, J .K . (1959), Flow-duration curves : U .S . Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1542-A Schneider,C.; Laizà ©,C.L.R.; Acreman,M.C.; Flà ¶rke,M. (2013) How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325-339 Trenberth, K.E. (1999) Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change Climate Change, 42 (1999), pp. 327–339. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Figure 6. Windpower Program (no date) Estimating mean wind speed. [Map] Retrieved from http://www.wind-power-program.com/windestimates.htm (Last accessed on 08/11/2014)

A View from the Bridge Essay -- A View from the Bridge Arthur Miller E

A View from the Bridge There are moments of great tension in this play. Tracing the developments of Eddies obsession, show how Miller creates and builds up tension, particularly in the final part of Act 1. How would the tension be shown dramatically? 'A View from the Bridge' is a play based on pride & justice and Sicilian Honour. There is fine line between natural justice and that that is provided by the law. The theme of 'Justice provided by the law,' starts right at the beginning of the play with Alfieri's opening speech. As a lawyer, he tells the watching audience of his experiences with the people of Brooklyn, "After all, who have I dealt with in my life? Longshoreman and their wives, and fathers and grandfathers, compensation cases, evictions, family squabbles - the petty troubles of the poorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" The perception of law and lawyers in Brooklyn is not entirely friendly. The people of Brooklyn prefer not to bother with the authorities at a time of legal need. These people would much rather sought out their problems by enforcing Natural Justice, they would deal with a situation in their own way. The community of Brooklyn has its Sicilian Honour, this is a community of people who are against law and order. They find it unlucky to pass a lawyer on the street, in the eyes of Brooklyn people, lawyers are connected with evil and disasters and people would rather not get to close. This play provides the watching audience with a lot of natural justice from the main characters, Eddie, Marco and Beatrice when she intervenes with Eddies and Catherine's relationship. The natural justice with Eddie is with Marco and Rodolpho, Eddie here has taken the law into his own hands and betraying Marco and Rodolph... ... It is now that the tension levels have reached a record breaking high, but that record is broken just a few Brooklyn days later when Marco is released and confronts Eddie. Eddie is very confident and doesn't feel any fear of Marco, Eddie is advised by Beatrice, Catherine and Rodolpho that Marco will seriously kill him and that he should just stay away. However, Eddie couldn't let himself look like a wus towards Marco and so decides to confront him outside. Unknown to the watching audience, Eddie is actually armed, but not dangerous! As Marco tries to seriously harm Eddie, Eddie pulls out his pen knife and the audience a watching have come to their own conclusion that Marco is going to be given the stab, but unsuspectedly tension levels are breaking more world-wide records and Marco decides to take his personal law into his own hands and kills Eddie.

Technology Negatively Affects Children Essay -- Electronic Games, Text

The current generation of children is completely different than the preceding ones. They are living in the digital age. â€Å"Technology has blended in with daily activity to become a way of life and children today take for granted all of which is automated. It is hard for kids nowadays to imagine a world that existed without all of the gadgets, electronics and seamless operations that computer technology provides.† (3) â€Å"Children in the United States devote some 40 hours a week to television, video games and the Internet.† (12) Many psychologists and researchers are concerned about the impact that technology has on children. Children, tomorrow’s future parents and leaders, are being consumed by the negative effects that technology had on their development (3). The use of modern technology impairs children by weakening social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development. (paragraph) Technology affects social development in children in many different ways. Children acquire electronic games, personal computers, and cell phones at ever-younger ages. â€Å"Surveys indicate that about 82% of children are online by 7th grade and experience about 6.5 hours per day of media exposure. Most children communicate more through electronic devices and spend less face time with family members and peers. Text messaging and emails provide limited of no access to other people’s emotions, and the rich language of non verbal communication that in real-time interactions is lost. The quality of family time is compromised if children are using technology. The family would not be able to talk very much during dinner time because of distractions like watching television, listening to music, checking email, answering the phone, and text messaging (7). (paragr... ...aine. The problem is that release means there is less dopamine available when the child needs to perform other, less enjoyable tasks, such as homework. Video games are not like cocaine, but your brain things they are cocaine. (13) (paragraph) â€Å"In days of yesteryear, kids lived a more carefree life than those growing up in today’s automated world. Today’s constant access to news feeds showcases a plethora of the bad and unfortunate events happening across the globe and as a result, it seems parental fear is heightened.†(3) All over the internet and television there are awful news stories that could make children scared about their security. It will make them not able to trust the world and they will have a more cynical view on the world as a whole. (paragraph) Most people do not think about how technology affects a child’s physical development and well being.

Human Rights In Kuwait :: Human Rights Essays

Human Rights: Yet another commodity for the new society or a necessity? As one stands on the doorsteps of a new millennium, one can only imagine the future ahead. With the globalization movement making its way around the world, issues such as human rights are coming up, and are becoming international issues of concern rather than local ones. International organizations monitor governments and note the extent to which those governments adhere to and respect human rights. In the age of globalization, free trade between the nations of the world exists along with a sizeable transfer of knowledge and technology. And for one nation to succeed in that new environment it must have positive relations with others. For this good relation to evolve and develop, a nation must first address its inner issues of which human rights is a part of, for the human factor is prime in the globalization age that is based mainly on human-brain based industries. The Director of the Kuwait Information Office in Washington, in a lecture at Georgetown University, said, "The democratic process taking place in Kuwait is compatible with the Western definition of democracy, and it is clear when tracing country’s modern history that there is in fact a true democratic process presently sweeping the country." In 1948, the United Nations adopted the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" which included the minimum requirements that nations around the world must aim for to achieve and maintain man’s fundamental freedoms and rights. This included principles of equality without regard to race, color, sex, language, religion etc. in addition to the right to life, liberty and security. The Declaration was the platform on which all people should act. Any breach of its articles would put the breaching Nation under great pressure and criticism from its peers, who usually aim to correct the situation. Al-Ghabra added, "It has become increasingly difficult to maintain authortarian government in the modern era." By 1997, more that 116 nations had a president chosen by elections, up from only 39 nations in 1974. In the middle eastern nation of Kuwait, human rights have come a long way towards achieving a formidable status for the 38 years old nation has taken measures that surpass those taken by older nations. Kuwait’s constitution that dates back to the year 1962 ensured human rights in many of its articles. Kuwaiti Parliament member AbdulMohsen Jamal said that the constitution is a, " great achievement that has gained Kuwait the respect of the international community.

Of mice and men Essay

Steinbeck presents us with a bleak view of the world where individuals have little hope of achieving their dreams. Discuss the accuracy of this statement with reference to at least three literary techniques. In the novella Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck presents the view of individuals having little chance of achieving their dreams due to the cruel society. George’s dream of owning a ranch with Lennie is unattainable as society does not provide support for the mentally disabled. Curley’s wife’s dream of becoming an actress is also unachievable because she is a woman in a  sexist society. Being an African American man in a racist society, Crook’s desire of companionship is also unreachable. Literary techniques such as foreshadowing, symbolism and character name amplify the message in which most individuals are unable to fulfil their dreams and desires. Through the failure of George, Lennie and Curley’s wife in achieving their dreams, Steinbeck clearly convinces the reader that individuals have little hope of achieving their dreams in the harsh world that they live in. Steinbeck presents the view of dreams being unattainable through. George’s failure of achieving his dream of owning a ranch with Lennie using the technique of foreshadowing. Their aspiration is to own â€Å"a little house and a couple of acres an’ s a cow and some pigs (†¦) and a rabbit hunch and chickens†, which would enable them to â€Å"live off the fatta the land† (p. 16). George’s dream was unattained because Lennie had a mental disability and kept getting them in trouble. They live in a society where there are no benefits and support for people with disabilities, which ultimately caused the failure of George’s dream. The failure of George’s dream was foreshadowed by Crooks telling Lennie about how he has â€Å"seen hundreds of men come by on the road† with the same dream but â€Å"nobody gets no land† (p. 73). Through the experience of Crooks, it is shown that the failure of George is not uncommon but instead is expected. Through George being unable to live the life that he had envisioned, Steinbeck clearly conveys the message that individuals are unable to accomplish their dreams due to the harsh society. The idea of individuals having little chance of achieving their dreams is  also apparent in the character of Crooks through the literary technique of symbolism. Crooks desires companionship as he tells Lennie that â€Å"a guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody† (p. 72). The company that Crooks craves so deeply is never received throughout the novella as he â€Å"couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ‘cause [he] was black,† reflecting the discrimination he receives due to his race (p. 72). Just like his back, society is crooked. It is bent out of shape, out of alignment with its original created intention (equality). The pain and suffering that Crooks  experiences due to his back symbolises the pain and suffering society Of Mice and Men: Stage 1 Text Response endures due to racism. It is the racist society that limits Crooks from obtaining companionship. Steinbeck also uses the books read by Crooks as a symbol to represent his loneliness as he complains to Lennie about â€Å"books {being} no good† and that he â€Å"needs somebody to be near him† (p. 72). Due to the racist society, Crooks remains lonely, indicating his dream never being met which displays the message of individuals’ dreams being unreachable. The failure of Curley’s wife’s dream shows that the chance of an individual reaching their dream is near impossible through the choice of character name. Curley’s wife dreams of a better life and ponders about how she â€Å"coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes† (p. 87). Being a woman in a sexist society causes her to not be able to achieve her dream. After marrying Curley, Curley’s wife no longer has the freedom to â€Å"{make} somethin of {her}self† as she becomes Curley’s possession and is obligated to tend to his needs. Steinbeck does not inform the reader of  her name but instead refers to her as â€Å"Curley’s wife†, symbolising male oppression in 1930s USA. The apostrophe of possession indicates that she belongs to Curley: she is his possession just like his horse, his hat and his hand-gun. Curley’s wife couldn’t achieve her dream because she is a woman in a sexist society, supporting Steinbeck’s message that individuals have minor hope of reaching their dream. George’s dream of owning a ranch with Lennie is unattainable as society does not offer support for the mentally disabled. Curley’s wife’s dream of  becoming an actress is unachievable because she is a woman in a sexist society. Being an African American man in a racist society, Crook’s desire of companionship is also unreachable. Literary techniques such as foreshadowing, symbolism and character name amplify the message in which most individuals are unable to fulfil their dreams and desires. Through the failure of George, Lennie and Curley’s wife, Steinbeck clearly convinces the reader that if the â€Å"thing they had never really believed in was coming true†, then it is not the end of their story.

History of Emirates Airlines

The story of a firm whose success story is intertwined with the incredible development of Dubai could be nothing but fascinating. Against a backdrop of regional unrest and volatile global economies, progress has been maintained at a rapid pace in every year of Emirates' and dnata's existence. A combination of business acumen, ambition and savvy investment set in motion a series of events which have propelled Emirates and dnata to amongst the most respected and recognized brands in the world. The story of a firm whose success story is intertwined with the incredible development of Dubai could be nothing but fascinating.Against a backdrop of regional unrest and volatile global economies, progress has been maintained at a rapid pace in every year of Emirates' and dnata's existence. A combination of business acumen, ambition and savvy investment set in motion a series of events which have propelled Emirates and dnata to amongst the most respected and recognized brands in the world. 2012 Emirates join Boeing in Seattle to celebrate the unveiling of its 1,000th 777. The landmark aircraft becomes the 102nd to join Emirates’ Boeing 777 fleet.Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Dublin, Lusaka, Harare, Dallas, Seattle, Ho Chi Minh City, Barcelona, Lisbon and Washington join the Emirates network, while a cargo-only service launches to Liege. Dnata acquires a majority stake in Travel Republic, the largest privately owned online travel agency in the UK, representing one of the biggest transactions in the company’s history. Marhaba celebrates its 20th anniversary and unveils new look. In tennis, Emirates becomes the Official Airline of the US Open and title sponsor of the Emirates Airline US Open Series.Emirates become the Team Sponsor of cricket’s Indian Premier League side Deccan Chargers. 2011 Emirates places the largest single order in Boeing’s history – 50 777-300 ER aircraft, worth $18 billion in list price. The order also included 20 777-3 00 ER options valued at US$ 8 billion. The Emirates Group posts a record profit of AED 5. 9 billion (US$1. 6bn) for the financial year Basra, Geneva, Copenhagen, St Petersburg and Baghdad are added to the Emirates network, while a cargo-only service is launched to Erbil. Shanghai, Johannesburg, Munich and Rome are added to Emirates’ A380 network.Emirates become the Partner and Official Airline of Real Madrid. Emirates and the Victoria Racing Club announce a new five-year sponsorship agreement. Emirates SkyCargo completes its first 100 per cent paperless freighter flight between Nairobi and Amsterdam. Emirates agree to sponsor the ‘Emirates Air Line’, a cable car across London’s River Thames. Aero Mobile, Emirates’ inflight mobile phone service provider, reaches its five millionth user and Emirates launches Wi-Fi internet connectivity for its A380 fleet. Dnata unveils a new company philosophy and fresh visual branding.Dnata announces a global investm ent of US$70 million in new equipment and facilities. dnata acquires a 50 per cent interest in Wings Inflight Services, a South African catering services provider. 2010 Emirates celebrate its 25th anniversary marking a quarter of a century of success and remarkable growth. New routes to Tokyo, Amsterdam, Prague, Al Medinah al Munawarah, Madrid and Dakar launch, while cargo-only operations to Almaty, Bagram and Campinas commence. The Emirates Group posts an increased profit of AED 4. 2 billion (US$1. 1bn) for the financial year ending 31 March 2010.Emirates orders 32 additional A380s at the Berlin Air Show along with GP7200 engines by Engine Alliance. It also orders 30 additional B777-300ERs at the Farnborough Air Show. Emirates are part of celebrations in South Africa an Official Partner of the FIFA World Cup. Emirates SkyCargo operates the first paperless flight between Mauritius and Dubai with all shipments carried processed electronically. Emirates SkyCargo sets a new record by o perating the longest ever non-stop freighter flight of 17. 5 hours between Sydney and New York. Dnata acquires Mercator Asia in Thailand, its first overseas IT subsidiary.Dnata ground handling welcomes the first commercial flight to land at the new Dubai World Central – Al Maktoum International. Dnata officially opens its ‘baggage hub control center’ across all three terminals at Dubai International Airport. Dnata becomes the 4th largest catering provider worldwide by acquiring Alpha Flight Group Ltd. 2009 Dnata acquires two of the UK’s leading ground-handling operations at London Heathrow Airport and Manchester Airport. Dnata opens Afghanistan’s first internationally recognized one stop travel shop in the country’s capital, Kabul. Emirates launches flights to Durban and Luanda.Emirates begin operations of the Airbus A380 on the Sydney, Auckland, Bangkok, Toronto and Seoul routes. Emirates becomes the world’s largest operator of Boeing 777s with the delivery of its 78th B777 aircraft. Wolgan Valley Resort & Spa, Australia’s first conservation-based resort and Emirates Hotels & Resorts’ first property outside of Dubai, welcomes its first guests. Arsenal Soccer Schools Dubai – a joint venture between Emirates and Arsenal – opens its doors. Dnata marks its 50th anniversary at the Dubai Airshow. Al Maha Desert Resort & Spa celebrates its 10th anniversary.Skywards, with more than five million members, marks its 10th anniversary with a new look and an enhanced Program. Premier Inn, a joint venture between the Emirates Group and Whitbread plc. opens its second hotel in Dubai at Silicon Oasis. The millionth Emirates passenger uses their own mobile phone on an aircraft equipped with the AeroMobile system. The largest ever Emirates’ TV advertising campaign to date – â€Å"Meet Dubai† – airs around the world. Emirates opens its Community Health Education Society (CHES) home for HIV-positive children in Chennai, India. 2008Dnata acquires a 23% share of worldwide corporate travel company, Hogg Robinson Group (HRG), the largest share of the company, which gives dnata access to a network of 120 countries. dnata purchases a 49% share in Mind Pearl, a global contact center outsource organization, which sees dnata expand across three continents in their offering of contact center outsource solutions. Dnata’s cargo operation joins forces with Kanoo, UAE and SDV International Logistics, France to create one of the UAE’s largest logistics solutions providers, Freightworks. The company moves into the new multi – million dollar Emirates Group Headquarters.The Emirates- dedicated Terminal 3 opens in October and within a month 500,000 passengers had flown out the terminal. Emirates SkyCargo begins operations out of Dubai Cargo Village’s new Mega Terminal, with a capacity to handle 1. 2 million tonnes annually. The first Emirates fli ght to Los Angeles touches down, while flights are also launched to San Francisco and Cape Town. Emirates becomes the first international carrier to introduce an in-flight mobile phone service. Emirates takes delivery of three A380s and aviation history is made when its first A380 touches down in New York.The 10,000th cabin crew member joins the Emirates team. New Emirates sporting facility 7he Sevens hosts record crowds at the Emirates Airline Dubai Rugby Sevens. 2007 Dnata enters the European market for the first time with the takeover of Jet Aviation Handling AG, the airport handling division of Swiss-based Jet Aviation Group. Emirates stuns the world by signing contracts for 120 Airbus A350s, 11 A380s and 12 Boeing 777-330ERs, worth an estimated $34. 9 billion, at the Dubai Air Show. New Engineering Centre and Engine Test Cell are officially opened.The Emirates Harbour Hotel & Residence and the Marina Hotel open their doors. The addition of Sao Paulo to the network represents th e first non-stop flight between the Middle East and South America. Emirates Flight Catering begins operations at its new $120 million facility at Dubai International. 2006 Emirates signs an agreement for 10 Boeing 747-8F in a deal worth $3. 3 billion. Emirates seals $195 million partnership deal with Fifa – the world governing body of football –and also buys the rights to screen every match played at the Germany World Cup on flights.Arsenal play their first match at the new Emirates Stadium. Sheikh Ahmed says Emirates is at the heart of Dubai’s Dhs300 billion investment in aviation and aerospace. Emirates SkyCargo signs $2. 8 billion order for 10 Boeing 747-8Fs. 2005 Emirates Group workforce totals 25,000 people from 124 countries around the world, making it Dubai’s biggest employer. Passenger traffic continues to rise with 12. 5 million recorded in the year. Emirates orders 42 Boeing 777s in a deal worth $9. 7 billion, the largest Boeing 777 order in his tory. 2004 Emirates orders four Boeing 777-300ERs, with nine options, in a $2. 6 billion deal. The SkyCargo fleet is increased with three Airbuses A310-300s added to its six Boeing 747s. Emirates makes its first flight to North America – a non-stop 14-hour flight to New York’s JFK Airport. This marked the first non-stop passenger service from the Middle East to North America, a continent which Mr. Flanagan described, in aviation terms, as the most important in the world. Emirates signs a ? 100 million deal with English Premiership side Arsenal, which includes naming rights to its new stadium for 15 years and shirt sponsorship for eight years, starting from the 2006/07 season.Dnata opens its first regional travel outlet in Kuwait. 2003 CAE and Emirates join forces to open the $100 million Emirates Aviation Training Centre which boasts numerous full-flight simulators. Emirates shocks the industry at the Paris Air Show with the biggest deal in civil aviation history †“ a staggering order for 71 aircraft at a cost of $19 billion. Daily service from Dubai to Sydney starts on the first A340-500 to join the fleet. The A340-500 features revolutionary ice in-flight entertainment system – including 500 channels in all classes, while every seat is equipped with a phone.After carrying 8. 5 million passengers, an increase of 26%, the airline posts an incredible profits increase of 94 per cent to Dhs907 million from Dhs468 million. Dnata is given a new corporate logo – a globe cushioned by a stylized runway represented by a curving green strip. 2002 Four million passengers vote in the Skytrax internet poll and Emirates is again named Airline of the Year. Global passenger levels drop by four per cent but Emirates figures rise 18. 3 per cent to 6. 8 million. Cargo across the world plunges nine per cent but Emirates enjoys an increase of 19. per cent to 400,000 tonnes. Group announces $275 million investment in new hangar complex at the Emirat es Engineering Centre. 2001 Emirates SkyCargo Centre – with a capacity to handle 400,000 tonnes a year – opens. Emirates signs ? 24 million deal to sponsor English Premiership football club Chelsea for four years. In a survey of 2. 7 million airline passengers by Skytrax Research, Emirates was voted Airline of the Year. Emirates takes delivery of its 18th Airbus A330-200 and orders two more, making it the biggest A330 operator in the world.With rivals reeling from September 11 and Boeing and Airbus in a weak bargaining position, Emirates stuns the world by announcing a $15 billion order for 15 A380s, eight A340-600s, three A330s and 25 Boeing 777s. 2000 The Sheikh Rashid Terminal opens, increasing the capacity at Dubai International to 22 million passengers a year. Frequent flyer loyalty programme Emirates Skywards is launched. Sheikh Ahmed announces Dubai Government is to invest $500-600m in the new Terminal 3 – with a capacity for 20 million passengers a year. Emirates becomes the first airline to sign up for the Airbus A380 when it orders seven, with an option on five more, at the Farnborough Air Show. Emirates buys another six Boeing 777-300s. Mr Flanagan is made a Commander of the British Empire. 1999 Emirates enters the hotel property market with the opening of the Al Maha Desert Resort & Spa. The first of 17 new generations Airbus A330-200s arrive in Dubai. Emirates Group’s workforce totals 11,000. Dnata enters the South East Asian airport services market with the launch of dnata Philippines Inc.The airline capitalizes on the UAE’s growing ties with Australia and a deal is struck to add Sydney, Brisbane and Perth to the Melbourne route. Emirates sponsors the Melbourne Cup, the biggest meeting in Australia’s horse racing calendar, and the nation’s cricket team at the World Cup. The livery of the Emirates fleet is updated with a modern, dynamic design. Passenger arrivals at Dubai International hit the 11 mil lion mark. 1998 Emirates increases its capacity by 26 per cent as passenger figures hit 3. 7 million, while cargo levels go up to 200,000 tonnes.Group takes a 43 per cent stake in Air Lanka, which is renamed SriLankan. Emirates is voted Best Airline in the World at prestigious OAG Awards. he $540 million Terminal 2 is opened at Dubai International. 1997 Emirates makes a $2 billion order for 16 Airbus A330-200s. Airline defies high fuel prices to again post record profits as passenger figures top three million and the cargo haul hits 150,000 tonnes. Emirates takes delivery of six Boeing 777-200s, giving it new long-haul capabilities. 1996 Airline takes delivery of its first Boeing 777-200 and becomes the first airline to show live footage of take-off and landing.Its maiden flight to London is followed by Emirates’ inaugural flight to Melbourne. Emirates becomes title sponsor of the world’s richest horse racing event – the Dubai World Cup. 1995 As the airline cele brates its 10th birthday, it has a fleet flying to 34 locations in the Middle East, Far East and Europe. Emirates enters the African market, with flights into Johannesburg, Nairobi and Kenya. Sheikh Ahmed’s aim for more Emiratis to forge careers with Emirates starts to take shape as the first pilots graduate from Emirates’ training programme. Emirates Flight Training Centre opens. 994 Emirates is the first airline to equip an Airbus fleet with an on-flight fax facility. 1993 Emirates becomes the first airline to introduce telecommunications on an Airbus – in all three classes. 1992 Emirates becomes the first airline to install video systems in all seats in all classes throughout its fleet. Emirates convinces the French government to allow it to fly into Paris. $2 million terminal exclusive to Emirates is opened at Dubai International. Emirates becomes first airline to order a $20 million Airbus full-flight simulator. 1991On January 17, Emirates grounds its fleet for several hours as the battle to liberate Kuwait begins. Operations resume and Emirates’ maintains 90 per cent of its normal services during the first month of the conflict. Emirates finally gets a slot at the busiest international hub in the world – London Heathrow. Shortly after the arrival of another Airbus A300-600R, taking its fleet to nine, Emirates orders seven Boeing 777s, with an option for seven more, in a $64. 5 million deal. As the airline celebrates its sixth anniversary, 25,000 passengers a week are being flown to 23 destinations. 1990Sheikh Ahmed signs up for three more Airbus A310-300s at the Asean Aerospace exhibition in Singapore. Emirates bucks the industry trend and continues to expand despite the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and adds Manchester to its schedule. Flights are added to Singapore, Manila and Bangkok. 1988 Damascus is added to the Emirates route network, giving it a total 12 destinations in just 38 months of business. Deals are struck to fly into London’s Gatwick Airport, as well as Istanbul, Frankfurt and Male, the capital of the Maldives. On July 3, A6-EKA flies from to Toulouse to Dubai as Emirates takes delivery of its first bought aircraft.The Airbus A310-304 is designed to Emirates specifications, giving the airline the opportunity to fully implement its commitment to offering a superior flying experience than its rivals. 1986 The network grows with traffic rights acquired into Amman, Colombo, Cairo and Dhaka. Investment in infrastructure and expansion costs sees Emirates posting losses for what would be the only time in its history. 1985 Sheikh Mohammed introduces Mr. Flanagan to his uncle and future Emirates chairman Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum. Mr. Flanagan embarks on ambitious mission to launch an airline with $10 million in five months.Sheikh Ahmed and future president Tim Clark join Mr. Flanagan’s team. Pakistan International Airlines agrees to wet-lease Emirates two aircraft. Deals a re struck to fly into Karachi, New Delhi and Bombay. A PR disaster is thwarted by recruiting 80 Emirates staff to travel incognito to disguise the dismal sales of tickets on the maiden flight. On October 25 Flight EK600 departs Dubai International for Karachi. Sheikh Mohammed gifts two Boeing 727-200s to the airline. 1984 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Mr. Flanagan discuss launching an airline in Dubai. Mr.Flanagan is among a 10-man team which produces a business plan for the new airline – to be named either Dubai Airlines or Emirates airline. Sheikh Mohammed opts for Emirates and the decision is made to build the airline on top of dnata, which was already the sales agent for 25 airlines. 1978 Maurice Flanagan moves to Dubai to become director and general manager of dnata. 1960 Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum opens the airport and implements innovative open-skies policy. 1959 Dnata is established by the Dubai Government with just five staff to provide ground han dling services at the new Dubai International Airport.